Attached are all the replies I received. Hussain Makhlooq STO System Team Ext: +973-883063 Fax: +973-9103063 Mobile: +973-9685646 E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh Return-Path: <foster@dim.ucsd.edu> Received: from mailbox1.ucsd.edu ([132.239.1.53] verified) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP-TLS id 21287040 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 21:49:23 +0300 Received: from dim.ucsd.edu (dim.ucsd.edu [132.239.16.7]) by mailbox1.ucsd.edu (8.12.8/8.12.3) with ESMTP id h2JIgvtu031241 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:42:57 -0800 (PST) Received: from dim (dim [132.239.16.7]) by dim.ucsd.edu (8.11.6+Sun/8.8.8) with SMTP id h2JIgto27153 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:42:57 -0800 (PST) Message-Id: <200303191842.h2JIgto27153@dim.ucsd.edu> Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:42:55 -0800 (PST) From: David Foster <foster@dim.ucsd.edu> Reply-To: David Foster <foster@dim.ucsd.edu> Subject: Re: SUMMARY: Partitioning To: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-MD5: DD69FAWH5r0UQWLHeX7MwA== X-Mailer: dtmail 1.3.0 @(#)CDE Version 1.4.6_06 SunOS 5.8 sun4u sparc X-Spamscanner: mailbox1.ucsd.edu (v1.2 Mar 17 2003 15:04:36, -100.0/5.0 2.43) X-Spam-Level: Level X-MailScanner: PASSED (v1.2.7 25548 h2JIgvtu031241 mailbox1.ucsd.edu) Please read this list's charter before using it again. A summary is supposed to contain your question plus the answers you received, PLUS your resolution of your problem. No need to send a thank-you to thousands of admins the world over who already have too much spam in their mailbox. Dave Foster > Dear all, > > I would like to thanks those who sent their kind answers.... > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers << All opinions expressed are mine, not the University's >> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= David Foster National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Programmer/Analyst University of California, San Diego dfoster@ucsd.edu Department of Neuroscience, Mail 0608 (858) 534-7968 http://ncmir.ucsd.edu/ =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable." -- George Bernard Shaw Return-Path: <northrup@loudcloud.com> Received: from postal.loudcloud.com ([66.54.20.11] verified) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21273888 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 17:00:19 +0300 Received: from cesun1.va1.corp.loudcloud.com (spongebob.va1.corp.loudcloud.com [66.54.52.5]) by postal.loudcloud.com (8.12.8/8.11.6) with ESMTP id h2JDrri8016025 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 13:53:58 GMT Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 13:53:48 +0000 (GMT) From: Dylan Northrup <northrup@loudcloud.com> Sender: northrup@cesun1.va1.corp.loudcloud.com To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: SUMMARY: Partitioning In-Reply-To: <001c01c2ed6c$15bb6a10$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.4.50.0303191352190.20704-100000@cesun1.va1.corp.loudcloud.com> References: <001c01c2ed6c$15bb6a10$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Makhlooq wrote: :=Dear all, := :=I would like to thanks those who sent their kind answers.... It's considered good form for a requester to reply to the list with a summary of the answers they recieved from the kind folks. If you could post back with the question you asked and the responses that assisted you in resolving the problem, you would be following the proper ettiquette of the list. -- Dylan Northrup northrup@loudcloud.com Unix System Administrator EDS Automated Operations Return-Path: <Charles.Homan@GDC4S.Com> Received: from [204.162.124.66] (HELO Ballad.GSC.GTE.com) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21268895 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:09:39 +0300 Received: from gscex01.gsc.gte.com ("port 1891"@gscex01.gsc.gte.com [155.95.162.170]) by Ballad.GSC.GTE.Com (PMDF V6.1-1 #38232) with ESMTP id <01KTP17S71OQ00A0RB@Ballad.GSC.GTE.Com> for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 04:03:16 -0700 (PDT) Received: by gscex01.gsc.gte.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id <HGN968MT>; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 07:05:26 -0500 Content-return: allowed Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 07:03:14 -0500 From: "Homan, Charles (NE)" <Charles.Homan@GDC4S.Com> Subject: RE: SUMMARY: Partitioning To: 'Makhlooq' <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Message-id: <5EFDF5D7C3ECA546923C4C7E8C7EDBF94560F6@ndhmex02.ndhm.gd-ns.com> MIME-version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Um, there seems to be no summary in your summary. Please send another summary to the list containing: 1) A re-statement of the problem 2) The fix that worked 3) The names of those who helped you By doing this you can save someone else from trying to figure out the same thing you just did. Helping each other is the point of this list, after all... Thanks! /charles > -----Original Message----- > From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh] > Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 11:33 AM > To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > Subject: SUMMARY: Partitioning > > > Dear all, > > I would like to thanks those who sent their kind answers.... > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <vogelke@shell.siscom.net> Received: from shell.siscom.net ([209.251.2.80] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21506138 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 03:37:56 +0300 Received: from shell.siscom.net (vogelke@localhost [127.0.0.1]) by shell.siscom.net (8.12.3/8.12.3) with ESMTP id h2J0Wqwk026184 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:32:52 -0500 (EST) (envelope-from vogelke@shell.siscom.net) Received: (from vogelke@localhost) by shell.siscom.net (8.12.3/8.12.3/Submit) id h2J0WqiW026183; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:32:52 -0500 (EST) Date: 18 Mar 2003 12:39:15 -0500 Message-ID: <20030318173915.20044.qmail@kev.nowhere.usa> From: "Karl Vogel" <vogelke@pobox.com> To: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh In-reply-to: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Subject: Re: Partitioning Organization: Sumaria Systems Inc. X-Disclaimer: I don't speak for the USAF or Sumaria. X-PGP-ID: 1024/D558F237 1999/04/06 Karl Vogel <vogelke@c17mis.region2.wpafb.af.mil> X-PGP-Fingerprint: 8DF5 1D90 18EC A9EF 9EA6 4611 35F4 BC78 D558 F237 >> On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 21:43:37 +0300, >> "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> said: M> Which is the best way to partition you disk: 1- Single root M> partition 2- multi-partition (slice) ON A WORKSTATION: I like all the operating system stuff on the same drive; no external drive for root, /usr, /opt, etc which was only a concern for older systems like Sparc-10s with 424-Mbyte drives. I used to like separate partitions, for the following reasons: * old habit * minimize the effects of any possible filesystem corruption * minimize backup/restore time and space requirements If you have one big partition, you lose the filesystem information, and fsck can't get it back for some reason, then you're hosed. You restore from backups. Having multiple partitions keeps the damage to a minimum; you lose a filesystem or two, but not necessarily the entire drive. On the other hand, having one big partition does make life easier as far as allocating space is concerned. /usr, /var, /opt, etc can grow as much as needed. Since backup tapes have been getting larger, it's more feasible to get incremental changes from a large drive all on one tape. Drives have still been growing faster than tapes, so full tape backups are getting worse instead of better. With clean power, a good tape backup system, and a UPS, I'm less paranoid about losing a drive due to acts of the deity of your choice. My workstation setup (4-Gb internal drive with two main partitions, one for all O/S-related stuff, one called /space for your stuff) seems pretty workable. One disadvantage for having everything under one partition: what happens to your system logs when / fills up? In particular, consider an intruder who has access to the system filling up /var/tmp and then doing things that would otherwise be logged, or for that matter filling up /var/tmp and denying mail service, or even a remote attacker sending enough mail to fill up /var/spool/mail and thus cutting off logging to /var/{log,adm}. You can format and mount partitions with options that better benefit their purpose (such as mounting noatime on a /tmp partition). Proper partitioning CAN make a big difference in performance, especially since the hard drive can _easily_ become the performance bottleneck on a server. ON A SERVER: Put the partitions on separate physical devices for better I/O performance. The ideal is to have separate devices with separate disk drivers as well, so you don't have any resource contention. Our E450 server (10 18-Gb drives, 3 I/O controllers) has this setup: Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 1604 909 648 59% / /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 2008 1304 664 67% /opt /dev/dsk/c2t1d0s5 827 2 809 1% /spool swap 2759 3 2756 1% /tmp /dev/dsk/c2t0d0s0 2008 817 1151 42% /usr /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s0 483 38 435 8% /var/log swap 2756 1 2756 1% /var/run Crucial stuff is on separate drives, spread over the I/O controllers. /var/mail is a symlink to /spool/mail, and /var/log has its own drive. Don't jam all your swap space on one drive; I think Solaris still gets snotty about swap partitions greater than 2 Gb. We put three 1-Gb swap partitions on three separate drives, one drive on each I/O controller. I would have put /var on a separate drive, but my system got upset when I tried. Putting /usr on a separate drive was a little tricky; if you don't either fix LD_LIBRARY_PATH or have statically-compiled binaries lying around, moving /usr instantly loses mv, ls, rm, etc. because it depends on /usr/lib/libc.so. That's why I now have these static binaries (from GNU fileutils v4.1) under /sbin just in case: -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 254400 Jul 24 2001 chmod* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 273552 Jul 24 2001 cp* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 266524 Jul 24 2001 dd* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 271488 Jul 24 2001 df* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 271952 Jul 24 2001 du* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 258540 Jul 24 2001 ln* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 261008 Jul 24 2001 mkdir* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 250168 Jul 24 2001 mkfifo* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 253532 Jul 24 2001 mknod* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 288384 Jul 24 2001 mv* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 269840 Jul 24 2001 rm* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 246852 Jul 24 2001 rmdir* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root other 261052 Jul 24 2001 touch* -- Karl Vogel I don't speak for the USAF or my company vogelke_at_pobox.com http://www.pobox.com/~vogelke It was a death trap on the highway-you could never go fast enough. The chances were good that you'd be hit from the rear. --a VW Bus owner, on "Car Talk's 10 worst cars of the millennium" Return-Path: <Charles.Homan@GDC4S.Com> Received: from [204.162.124.66] (HELO Ballad.GSC.GTE.com) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21238329 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 00:49:08 +0300 Received: from gscex01.gsc.gte.com ("port 3863"@gscex01.gsc.gte.com [155.95.162.170]) by Ballad.GSC.GTE.Com (PMDF V6.1-1 #38232) with ESMTP id <01KTO72WB53W009S12@Ballad.GSC.GTE.Com> for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:42:37 -0700 (PDT) Received: by gscex01.gsc.gte.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id <HGN964FB>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:30:54 -0500 Content-return: allowed Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:28:41 -0500 From: "Homan, Charles (NE)" <Charles.Homan@GDC4S.Com> Subject: RE: Partitioning To: 'Makhlooq' <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Message-id: <5EFDF5D7C3ECA546923C4C7E8C7EDBF94560F4@ndhmex02.ndhm.gd-ns.com> MIME-version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 My two cents' worth: Single partition: the main advantage is flexibility. That is, you have space wherever you need it most. Multiple partitions: the main advantage is that a runaway app is less likely to hose your system by filling up the root or /var partition. Also, you could prevent group A (or app A) from using all of the space such that group B (or app B) can no longer do anything. Hope this helps! /charles > -----Original Message----- > From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh] > Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 1:44 PM > To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > Subject: Partitioning > > > Dear all, > > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <akurokawa@wtwconsulting.com> Received: from fire.he.net ([216.218.144.2] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21501637 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Wed, 19 Mar 2003 00:09:54 +0300 Received: from localhost (wtwcnslt@localhost) by fire.he.net (8.8.6/8.8.2) with ESMTP id NAA23280 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:04:45 -0800 Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:04:43 -0800 (PST) From: akurokawa@wtwconsulting.com X-Sender: wtwcnslt@fire.he.net Reply-To: akurokawa@wtwconsulting.com To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: Partitioning In-Reply-To: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0303181258470.16991-100000@fire.he.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Hi Hussain, I'm not sure if you've recieved a response already, but I'll respond to you privately. It is best to go with a multi-partition setup for several reasons: /var is where log files for the system are stored. If this fills up due to users writing large numbers of files or due to accidental copy of data, then the system will become unstable. /usr is where most of the general utilities are stored and where future software tends to get installed. If this and /var were on the same slice, it is concievable that installing an app might result in the filling up of the filesystem and thus interfere with OS level processes. >From a management point of view, if something were to damage your filesystem say through a loss of power or application crash, whatever filesystem was last being written to will need to be fsck'd. If everything was on one filesystem, you would risk losing all of your data. The recovery time on a large filesystem is also much greater than with several slices. The only real gain from a single slice filesystem is ease of installing everything in one place without having to plan for various space usages. \ Generally, I would setup a system in the following manner: slice 0 swap slice 1 / slice 2 backup slice slice 3 /usr slice 4 /var slice 5 /export/home Ann Kurokawa akurokawa@wtwconsulting.com On Mon, 17 Mar 2003, Makhlooq wrote: > Dear all, > > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <rich.teer@rite-group.com> Received: from [24.77.201.188] (HELO rite-group.com) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21493657 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:03:09 +0300 Received: from electron (electron [192.168.0.6]) by rite-group.com (8.12.6/8.12.6) with ESMTP id h2IGvpuc001330 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:58:01 -0800 (PST) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:57:46 -0800 (PST) From: Rich Teer <rich.teer@rite-group.com> X-X-Sender: rich@electron To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: Partitioning In-Reply-To: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.4.44.0303180855070.3187-100000@electron> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII On Mon, 17 Mar 2003, Makhlooq wrote: > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) It depends. For a workstation with resources NFS moounted from a server, a single root partition. For a server, I use a single root partition (or even better, disk) for the OS, and store non-OS stuff like apps, data, and home dirs on another disk or partition. Messing about with /, /usr, /opt, etc., etc. is a waste of time IMHO. > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each Kess admin overhead and less wasted disk space if you go for one partition. Possibly less time to restore a full partition if you segragate it. -- Rich Teer, SCNA President, Rite Online Inc. Voice: +1 (250) 979-1638 URL: http://www.rite-online.net Return-Path: <Andrew_Rotramel@cch-lis.com> Received: from Galaxy1.cch-lis.com ([208.203.201.46] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with SMTP id 21489307 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 18:36:59 +0300 Received: by Galaxy1.cch-lis.com; id KAA10561; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:24:00 -0500 Received: from lngate1.cch-lis.com(165.181.217.1) by Galaxy1.cch-lis.com via csmap (V1.5) id srcAAAVZaONu; Tue, 18 Mar 03 10:23:59 -0500 Subject: Re: Partitioning To: "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> X-Mailer: Lotus Notes Release 5.0.9a January 7, 2002 Message-ID: <OF210D76EC.2354B354-ON85256CED.005538AE-86256CED.00554241@cch-lis.com> From: Andrew_Rotramel@cch-lis.com Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:31:27 -0600 X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on LNGate1/CCHLIS(Release 5.0.8 |June 18, 2001) at 03/18/2003 10:31:55 AM MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii You pretty much have to have at least two partitions, one for root and one for swap. That is all I do and I don't have any problems. Andrew "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>@sunmanagers.org on 03/17/2003 12:43:37 PM Sent by: sunmanagers-admin@sunmanagers.org To: <sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org> cc: Subject: Partitioning Dear all, Which is the best way to partition you disk: 1- Single root partition 2- multi-partition (slice) What is the advantage & disadvantage of each Hussain Makhlooq STO System Team Ext: +973-883063 Fax: +973-9103063 Mobile: +973-9685646 E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh _______________________________________________ sunmanagers mailing list sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <john.timon@labatt.com> Received: from smtphost.labatt.com ([207.61.44.232] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21488768 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 18:26:06 +0300 Received: from ldn-exchange3.o.lboc.com (172.20.70.76 [172.20.70.76]) by smtphost.labatt.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2448.0) id WQ8FA967; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:17:22 -0500 Received: from timonwork (timon-work.o.lboc.com [172.20.134.186]) by ldn-exchange3.o.lboc.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2653.13) id H136B8VP; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:20:58 -0500 Message-ID: <009d01c2ed62$5c3d62e0$ba8614ac@o.lboc.com> From: "John Timon" <john.timon@labatt.com> To: "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Subject: Re: Partitioning Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:23:42 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1106 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 this is one of the few times I will reply to RTFM. SUN has an excelent white paper on best practices for disk partitioning. Have a look at sunsolve.sun.com ----- Original Message ----- From: "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> To: <sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org> Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 1:43 PM Subject: Partitioning > Dear all, > > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <jmglov@incogen.com> Received: from www.incogen.com ([128.239.5.11] verified) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21223772 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 18:23:41 +0300 Received: from harp.incogen.com (harp.incogen.com [128.239.5.99]) by www.incogen.com (8.12.8/8.12.1) with ESMTP id h2IFHHLQ008284 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:17:17 -0500 Received: by harp.incogen.com (Postfix, from userid 1001) id 7D2132D9D7; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:17:17 -0500 (EST) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:17:17 -0500 From: Josh Glover <jmglov@incogen.com> To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: Partitioning Message-ID: <20030318151716.GA25158@harp.incogen.com> References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i X-Converted-To-Plain-Text: from multipart/signed by demime 0.99c.7 X-Converted-To-Plain-Text: Alternative section used was text/plain Quoth Makhlooq (Mon 2003-03-17 09:43:37PM +0300): > > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each Search the archives and/or Google. This has been discussed ad nauseum. -- Josh Glover <jmglov@incogen.com> Associate Systems Administrator INCOGEN, Inc. http://www.incogen.com/ GPG keyID 0x62386967 (7479 1A7A 46E6 041D 67AE 2546 A867 DBB1 6238 6967) gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 62386967 [demime 0.99c.7 removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature] Return-Path: <chipman@ecopiabio.com> Received: from mail1.qc.uunet.ca ([198.168.54.16] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21488510 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 18:20:34 +0300 Received: from nusku.ecopiabio.com ([216.94.147.107]) by mail1.qc.uunet.ca (8.12.8/8.12.8) with ESMTP id h2IFFToe004659 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:15:30 -0500 Received: from ecopiabio.com (unknown [192.168.1.212]) by nusku.ecopiabio.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 42AE8D710 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:15:29 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <3E773811.3010204@ecopiabio.com> Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:15:29 -0500 From: Tim Chipman <chipman@ecopiabio.com> Organization: Ecopia BioSciences User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.2.1) Gecko/20021130 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: Partitioning References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> In-Reply-To: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit google search (web/groups) and you will find plenty of discussion about the topic. short answer might be, -multi-slices provides some security benefits of sorts for "servers" but implies you monitor slices to ensure they don't fill up. -single slice is easy to setup, typically used for workstations, and can theoretically be a "security risk" hence not desirable for server-type systems. In theory. -many people disagree / agree / have a range of opinions on this topic, which has evolved over time (since HDDs have evolved from 20 megs -> 200 gigs in the course of the discussion) great fun. Good luck. Tim Makhlooq wrote: > Dear all, > > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <jKoonz@USCO.com> Received: from fwnau040.usco.com ([63.77.10.79] verified) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21221441 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 17:31:04 +0300 Received: from ntnau240.USCO.COM (ntnau240.usco.com [172.16.66.58]) by fwnau040.usco.com (8.10.1/8.10.1) with ESMTP id h2IEOeS03680 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:24:42 -0500 (EST) Received: by ntnau240.usco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id <G69Q7RYQ>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:25:16 -0500 Message-ID: <E0ED84C2E378D21199D8080009ECF1CE0769B0FA@ntnau210.usco.com> From: "Koonz, Jay" <jKoonz@USCO.com> To: "'Makhlooq'" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: RE: Partitioning Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:25:22 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" For our recent server builds, we've gone with a large root partition (5-7gb), a seperate slice for swap, and a third slice for a filesystem called /<hostname> where all the local stuff goes. That's the only 3 on the boot disk. I used to have seperate /usr, /var, /opt partitions but found it harder to manage them filling up. Then having to increase one or the other. A single /(root) partition is easier to manage, you just have to keep an eye on the component directory sizes. Haven't noticed any performance problems with a single large root partition, but these servers all have such big internal disks and enough spare cpu horsepower, we aren't stressing them at all. -----Original Message----- From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh] Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 1:44 PM To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org Subject: Partitioning Dear all, Which is the best way to partition you disk: 1- Single root partition 2- multi-partition (slice) What is the advantage & disadvantage of each Hussain Makhlooq STO System Team Ext: +973-883063 Fax: +973-9103063 Mobile: +973-9685646 E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh _______________________________________________ sunmanagers mailing list sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <HREINSTEIN@bloomberg.net> Received: from [205.216.112.158] (HELO mh1dmz4.bloomberg.com) by cgpfe2.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21219938 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:56:38 +0300 Return-Path: <HREINSTEIN@bloomberg.net> Received: from mh5ny.bloomberg.com by mh1dmz4.bloomberg.net with ESMTP for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:49:56 -0500 Received: from p057.bloomberg.com by mh5ny.bloomberg.com with ESMTP for makhlooq@BATELCO.COM.BH; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:50:20 -0500 Received: (from op@localhost) by p057.bloomberg.com (8.11.6+Sun/8.10.2) id h2IDoJv22587; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:50:19 -0500 (EST) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:50:19 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <200303181350.h2IDoJv22587@p057.bloomberg.com> X-Authentication-Warning: p057.bloomberg.com: op set sender to hreinstein@bloomberg.net using -f From: "HAROLD REINSTEIN, BLOOMBERG/ COMPUTER" <HREINSTEIN@bloomberg.net> To: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh Subject: Re: Partitioning MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit single root ----- Original Message ----- From: Makhlooq <makhlooq@BATELCO.COM.BH> At: 3/18 1:50 > Dear all, > > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each > > > Hussain Makhlooq > STO System Team > Ext: +973-883063 > Fax: +973-9103063 > Mobile: +973-9685646 > E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <omoian@genuity.no> Received: from mail1.genuity.no ([195.225.4.126] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21478739 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:48:49 +0300 Received: from genuity.no (u6-vep.cm.chello.no [62.179.253.104]) by mail1.genuity.no (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8CCBAD5E for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:43:48 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <3E77066B.6080301@genuity.no> Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:43:39 +0100 From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ole_Morten_=D8ian?= <omoian@genuity.no> User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20021003 X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: Partitioning References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Hello, If there is anything writing data to local disk, user data or application logging, then it is a good idea to keep that on separate slice(s). This makes it likely that you can login and free space if somthing or somone screw-up. We are typcically running with three slices, root-slice, application slice and log-slice. Somethimes four, when there is userdata on the host. Regards, Ole Morten Xian Makhlooq wrote: >Dear all, > >Which is the best way to partition you disk: >1- Single root partition >2- multi-partition (slice) > >What is the advantage & disadvantage of each > > >Hussain Makhlooq >STO System Team >Ext: +973-883063 >Fax: +973-9103063 >Mobile: +973-9685646 >E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh >_______________________________________________ >sunmanagers mailing list >sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org >http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers Return-Path: <sysadmin@astro.su.se> Received: from smtp1.su.se ([130.237.162.112] verified) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21478620 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:46:08 +0300 Received: from localhost (smtp1.su.se [127.0.0.1]) by smtp1.su.se (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2FCC38050 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:41:07 +0100 (CET) Received: from smtp1.su.se ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (smtp1.su.se [127.0.0.1:10024]) (amavisd-new) with ESMTP id 06116-15 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:41:07 +0100 (CET) Received: from as.astro.su.se (as.astro.su.se [130.237.166.29]) by smtp1.su.se (Postfix) with SMTP id 81A2838036 for <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:41:07 +0100 (CET) Received: (qmail 19663 invoked by alias); 18 Mar 2003 11:41:07 -0000 Received: (qmail 19656 invoked from network); 18 Mar 2003 11:41:07 -0000 Received: from hermes.astro.su.se (user75699@130.237.166.67) by as.astro.su.se with SMTP; 18 Mar 2003 11:41:07 -0000 Received: by hermes.astro.su.se (Postfix, from userid 1014) id 69EC57AC7; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:41:05 +0100 (CET) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:41:05 +0100 From: system administration account <sysadmin@astro.su.se> To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: Re: Partitioning Message-ID: <20030318114105.GA24063@astro.su.se> References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp> User-Agent: Mutt/1.3.28i X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new with f-prot at smtp.su.se On 2003-03-17 21:43:37 +0300, Makhlooq wrote: > Which is the best way to partition you disk: > 1- Single root partition > 2- multi-partition (slice) > > What is the advantage & disadvantage of each The main advantages of using multiple partitions are: 1) protection against disk space exhaustion. Particularly if you put /var/tmp on its own slice. 2) backup convenience (you can apply a different backup schedule to each partition); 3) security (especially for user-writeable slices; if /var/tmp is its own slice, users can't create hard links to system files in other slices). The only real disadvantage is that you may be running out of space when a partition fills up. But try Disksuite with soft partitions (or any other logical volume manager). Return-Path: <AlanB@ComparexAfrica.co.za> Received: from [196.29.130.251] (HELO exchns03.comparexafrica.co.za) by cgpfe1.batelco.com.bh (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.0.3) with ESMTP id 21471185 for makhlooq@batelco.com.bh; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:23:37 +0300 Received: by exchns03.comparexafrica.co.za with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id <HD4W9R3H>; Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:18:48 +0200 Message-ID: <0159660481F7D211989F0008C71EF525044F5ED4@exchcts01.pqafrica.co.za> From: Alan Bradley - CPX WC <AlanB@ComparexAfrica.co.za> To: 'Makhlooq' <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> Subject: RE: Partitioning Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:18:44 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Hi, I personally would go for multiple partitions, or at the least partitions for /var and swap /tmp. You don't want a process to get in a loop and write out a lot of stuff to /var or /tmp and end up filling up your root disk. Regards, Alan. NOTICE: The contents of this message and any attachments are personal to the sender and, whilst having been sent using the Comparex Africa (Pty) Ltd e-mail system, are not, and should not be construed as having been sent on behalf of Comparex Africa (Pty) Ltd. -----Original Message----- From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh] Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 8:44 PM To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org Subject: Partitioning Dear all, Which is the best way to partition you disk: 1- Single root partition 2- multi-partition (slice) What is the advantage & disadvantage of each Hussain Makhlooq STO System Team Ext: +973-883063 Fax: +973-9103063 Mobile: +973-9685646 E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh _______________________________________________ sunmanagers mailing list sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers _______________________________________________ sunmanagers mailing list sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagersReceived on Fri Mar 21 08:55:21 2003
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